Missed Opportunities for Intervention in a Patient With Prolonged Postoperative Delirium.

PURPOSE Postoperative delirium is a common and costly state of brain dysfunction that complicates postsurgical management in some patients. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of prolonged postoperative delirium and to review the appropriate identification and management of this condition. METHODS A 56-year-old female patient who presented with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and dry gangrene underwent a vascular bypass procedure while under general anesthesia. After extubation, the patient became disoriented and agitated. FINDINGS The delirium continued in a hypoactive form for 10 days before it progressed to severe agitation. During the patient's 2-month hospitalization, she underwent 6 additional surgeries. Eventually, the delirium improved with the use of antipsychotic agents, and the patient was discharged to a skilled nursing facility. IMPLICATIONS This patient's history, medications, and anesthetic and surgical exposure placed her at high risk for postoperative delirium. Her exceptionally prolonged course of postoperative delirium was likely perpetuated by a multitude of factors, including the continued use of high-risk medications, the stress of repeated surgeries, urinary issues, and infection. CONCLUSION In this high-risk patient, a proactive approach to the prevention and treatment of delirium may have avoided or mitigated the prolonged delirium and, potentially, long-term cognitive deficits.